1.In the age of information,we are open books.
*在信息時(shí)代,我們都是公開的書本。
在信息時(shí)代,我們每個(gè)人的一切情況都沒有什么秘密可言了。
2.This country's economy remains in intensive care.
*該國經(jīng)濟(jì)仍處于重病特別護(hù)理中。
該國經(jīng)濟(jì)依然處于岌岌可危的境地。
3.Those young people are heading for an early grave through smoking and lack of exercise.
*那些年輕人通過抽煙和缺少運(yùn)動(dòng),正在向一個(gè)早期墳?zāi)贡既ァ?
那些年輕人由于抽煙加上缺少運(yùn)動(dòng),實(shí)際上是在減短自己的壽命。
4.In that country several million of people have lived near or below the breadline for almost two decades.
在那個(gè)國家差不多二十年了,生活在貧困線以下,或溫飽問題還沒有完全解決的仍有幾百萬人。
*It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant;the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance,the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots,but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是it is not so bad being ignorant if;the hard thing is knowing.……the reality…but no true light……nor even any tunnels……分號(hào)連接兩個(gè)并列分句。前面的分句句首it為形式主語,真正的主語為being ignorant;if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。后一分句的is knowing…和no true light…nor even any tunnels由but連接做系表謂語;句尾that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾tunnels.
此句的短語light at the end of the tunnel意為“困難(不快)的事情有結(jié)束的跡象”。
參考譯文:如果有人徹底無知的話,無知也就不那么糟了。困難的是人們詳細(xì)了解無知的實(shí)際情況——最差的方面以及這里或那里并不太差的方面,但并不了解困難的事情根本沒有結(jié)束的跡象,甚至還沒有可以信賴的任何解決問題的途徑。
He worked his way through the ranks,eventually becoming managing director responsible for the chain's operations in southern England.
他從基層干起,逐級(jí)向上升,最終當(dāng)上了負(fù)責(zé)該連鎖大企業(yè)在南英格蘭事務(wù)的常務(wù)主任。
注釋:①responsible for形容詞短語作后置定語。②多義詞operations不是“手術(shù)”“運(yùn)作”,而是“企業(yè)”的意思。
新的技術(shù)革命和頻繁中西文化交流使我們的英語熟詞有了新意或偏義。例如,skin一詞的意思是“人與人的實(shí)際接觸或交往”。
People who correspond with each other electronically often feel the need for skin and try to meet in what they call real life.
彼此之間用電子方式通信的人們經(jīng)常覺得有面對面接觸的需要,他們也盡可能在他們稱之為現(xiàn)實(shí)的生活中交往。
The desire for skin can be seen in downtowns and shopping malls - people want human contact even when they could buy things via television or the telephone.
這種與人直接謀面接觸的愿望在鬧市區(qū)和商場是可以領(lǐng)略到的。即使人們可以通過電視或電話購物,他們還是想有人與人之間的直接交往。
再舉一例:動(dòng)詞短語plug in意為:“將插頭插入電源插座”或“給……接通電源”,F(xiàn)在它有了特殊的含義:“接通(進(jìn)入)電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)”。新的形容詞plugged-in表示“聯(lián)通了電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)的”一類意思。
Parents who want their kids to be plugged in to the Net but would prefer they not be exposed to pornography, need no longer fear.
那些想讓自己的孩子使用電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)卻又怕他們大量接觸到各種色情圖文的家長們現(xiàn)在不必再擔(dān)心。
Will tomorrow's students be a generation of plugged-in servants or a race of silicon salves?將來的學(xué)生是否會(huì)成為一代電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)的仆傭或是一群硅片的奴隸呢?
More plugged-in bureaucrats have E-mail address and print them on their business cards?有更多的官員已經(jīng)使用電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò),在他們的公務(wù)名片上都印有各自的電子信箱地址。
Textbook是舊詞新意:“合乎規(guī)范的,理想化的”,“符合規(guī)定的”,“堪稱典范的,典型的(typical)”。
It's a textbook marriage of supply and demand.供求雙方各得其所,合作十分理想。
Indeed,British Airways provides a textbook case of how new management methods and attitudes can transform a service company.如何運(yùn)用新的管理方式和觀念來改造一個(gè)服務(wù)性企業(yè),英國航空公司在這方面的確提供了一個(gè)范例。
(3)譯文合理加工法。“擴(kuò)充詞義”的操作也包括對英語原句某些表達(dá)做“轉(zhuǎn)譯加工”處理。這是指,英語的某些表達(dá)在漢譯時(shí)不能原封不動(dòng)地照譯,而要在“取其要義”的基礎(chǔ)上,大膽將其換上漢語的句式和搭配慣例,使之讀起來更符合漢語行文的規(guī)范或搭配。如:
Writers are often regarded as the conscience of society,but in Hongkong many writers are only concerned with grabbing money and publicity;they have no principles or shames and are a disgrace to the profession, fumed the editor of one Chinese language magazine.
*“作家通常被看作是社會(huì)的良知。但在香港許多作家只關(guān)心撈錢和掙名,他們沒有原則,甚至沒有廉恥,是這個(gè)行業(yè)的恥辱!
“人們通常認(rèn)為作家是社會(huì)的良知。但是在香港許多作家只關(guān)注如何去追名逐利。他們毫無原則,甚至根本不知廉恥,令文壇名譽(yù)掃地!币患抑形碾s志的編輯怒不可遏地這么說道。
*The scientific method itself would not have led anywhere,it would not even have been born without a passionate striving for clear understanding.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是The scientific method itself would not have…it would not even have been born without…。這是一個(gè)含雙重否定的并列句。even表示遞進(jìn)。在第二個(gè)并列分句中not.。。without為雙重否定。翻譯時(shí)譯成一個(gè)肯定的意思更貼切。
參考譯文:科學(xué)方法本身不能導(dǎo)致任何結(jié)果。而且,只有充滿激情地去努力尋找確切的理解,科學(xué)方法才會(huì)產(chǎn)生。
*Scientists must play their part in dispelling the shaky image of both themselves and of science in general,and in explaining the new approaches and how they may be applied to benefit all of society.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是Scientists must play their part in……in dispelling…。和and explaining……并列做狀語,轉(zhuǎn)譯為“一面……,一面……”。句尾how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和the new approaches并列做explaining的賓語,其中代詞they指前面提到的the new approaches.dispel意為“驅(qū)散,消除”。
參考譯文:科學(xué)家必須在這些方面發(fā)揮作用:一面驅(qū)散他們自己和整個(gè)科學(xué)在公眾心目中搖搖欲墜的形象,一面解釋一些新方法和如何應(yīng)用這些方法來造福于全社會(huì)。
英譯漢時(shí),對個(gè)別詞、詞組、習(xí)慣用語的位置進(jìn)行語序微調(diào)和移動(dòng),譯文會(huì)順暢得多,并不影響原句宏觀意義的表達(dá)。個(gè)詞微調(diào)一般都不外乎副詞、形容詞、動(dòng)名詞或介詞短語等。有時(shí)多個(gè)定語的排序也要前后換位。
Divorce is less culturally acceptable in a society that is family-oriented.
*在一個(gè)注重家庭的社會(huì)中,離婚并不普遍為人們在文化上所接受。
在一個(gè)注重家庭的社會(huì)中,離婚在文化上總讓人覺得不大好接受。
Many consumer goods in the USA become obsolete in a few years as styles change,such as with automobiles and clothes.
*由于樣式的變化,美國的許多消費(fèi)品過不了幾年就會(huì)陳舊過時(shí),例如小汽車和服裝。
由于樣式的變化,美國的許多消費(fèi)品,例如小汽車和服裝,過不了幾年就會(huì)陳舊過時(shí)。
注釋:with+名詞可以表示:“就……而言”、“在…方面”、“由…負(fù)責(zé)”。
This is an age of knowledge and distributed intelligence,in which knowledge is available to anyone,located anywhere,at any time;and in which power,information,and control are moving from centralized systems to individuals.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子框架是This is an age of knowledge and distributed intelligence,in which……;and in which……in which……;and in which……介詞in加關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)并列的定語從句修飾an age.distributed intelligence譯為“分布式智能”;available to anyone,located anywhere,at any time為排比短語,譯為“隨時(shí)、隨地、隨便什么人都利用……”。
參考譯文:這是一個(gè)“知識(shí)和分布式智能”的時(shí)代:一個(gè)隨時(shí)、隨地、隨便什么人都利用知識(shí)的時(shí)代;一個(gè)能把能量、信息和控制從中心系統(tǒng)傳向每個(gè)人的時(shí)代。
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