（1）詞組與搭配

a human-rights report with a twist　一份歪曲事實的人權報告

good chemistry　志趣相投

economic plan　經濟方略

be widely reprinted　廣為轉載

turn combustible　激怒反目

a far cry from　相去甚遠；天壤之別；大相徑庭；截然不同；迥然不同

（2）例句分析

Achieving those targets will be a breeze.

實現這些目標易如反掌。

We （my wife and I ） have had 23 years investing in each other.

我們婚后23年一直相親相愛。（*互相之間互相投資）動詞+賓語+補語[現在分詞短語]結構。

They overwhelmed the police as much with courtesy as with force.

他們軟磨硬闖，沖破了警察的阻攔。（*不僅以禮貌的言詞，而且還使出力氣）

Premier seemed a pleasant but rather dull man in a grey suit， a far cry from Interior Minister.

首相身著一套灰色西裝，看上去和藹可親，但卻相當單調乏味，與內務部長相比，相去甚遠。

Their anxiety had reached a clinical condition.

他們焦慮成病。（*焦慮達到了臨床狀態(tài)）

All the ones we have seen here have four-star abilities with five-star ambitions.

我們在此看到的所有的人都是些眼高手低之輩。（*四星級的能力，五星級的抱負）

In three years as US Secretary of Transportation， Skinner has emerged as the administration''s top crisis manager， a loyalist whose tenacity and competence have earned him Bush''s respect and admiration.

作為美國的交通部長，斯金納三年中表現出他是行政當局處理危機事務的高手，且忠心耿耿，堅毅能干。這些使他贏得了布什的尊重和贊賞。tenacity and competence譯為“堅毅能干”。

These people will tend to flood the cities,worsening already strained urban resources.

這些人往往大批涌往城市，使市區(qū)本已負荷過重[不堪重負]的各種設施雪上加霜。

Our Good Society is disfigured by huge debts:entrenched poverty,persistent racial tension,the breakdown of the family and staggering budget deficits.

我們這個美好的社會因存在大量的債務而變得丑陋：難以消除的貧困現象，曠日持久的種族對立，分崩離析的家庭細胞，駭人聽聞的財政赤字。

The reality of a nurse''s job is still appalling pay,mounting workloads and dismal living conditions.

護士工作的現實仍然是：工資收入低微，工資負荷增加，生活境況凄苦。

But the firms have gone to greater and greater lengths to hold on to their star employees,the ones who really produce the profits.

但是這些公司一直在不遺余力地留住才干出眾的雇員，他們是真正能給公司創(chuàng)造利潤的人。

Star（a.）有名的；有才華的；極具有吸引力的；不同凡響的；

The premier wants to take another star turn on the world stage,even （if） his troubles are mounting back home.

即便首相在國內面臨的困難與麻煩有增無減，他還是想在國際舞臺上再做出一個不同凡響的舉動。

＊They assert that scientists lack ethics,morals,and a sense of responsibility,and that they have let the public down on too many occasions;they conclude that gene technology must be banned from Switzerland,signaling the rest of the world to follow suit.

結構分析：句子框架是They assert that.and that.；they conclude that.分號連接兩個并列句。前面的并列分句套嵌兩個并列的that引導的賓語從句，做assert的賓語；后面的并列分句套嵌一個that引導的賓語從句，做conclude的賓語。兩個分句的主語they指前句提到的proponents of the initiative.另外on…occasions意為“在……場合或（重大的）時刻”；signal在此處為動詞，譯為“向……示意”；follow suit譯為“跟著做，依樣行事”。

參考譯文：他們（支持該動議的人）聲稱科學家缺乏倫理、道德、責任感；科學家辜負了公眾的時候太多了。由此，他們得出結論，認為基因技術應該在瑞士得到嚴令禁止，并示意世界其他國家依樣行事。

*This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature;actually,aside from abnormally lazy people,there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum,and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.

結構分析：句子的框架是This assumption rests on……；actually，aside from……，there would be very few who would……，and who would……。分號連接兩個并列分句。在第二個分句中，介問短語aside from abnormally（特別地）lazy people作狀語，主句是一個there be存在句，包含兩個并列的由關系代詞who引導的定語從句，修飾few.Rest on在此意為“依據”。aside from相當于“except”，澤為“除了”。

參考譯文：這種假設是依據這樣一種謬論：人的天性中就存在遺傳惰性。而實際上，除了特別懶惰的人以外，幾乎沒有人愿意掙只相當于最低生活維持費的錢，也沒有人愿意飽食終日，無所用心。

“擴充詞義”可以指下列方面的操作：

（1）譯文增字法：即對原文的某個詞做“放大”或“延伸”處理。它是需要譯者根據原文的特定的上下文在漢譯句中適當增加幾個字或一句話，以使句義在邏輯上更忠實于原文的內涵。

例如一些抽象名詞、形容詞可譯為：

Respect尊敬→受人尊敬

Affection喜愛→惹人喜愛

Banquet宴會→擺宴席、搞宴請

Breakdown of equipment and morale裝備逐漸破損、士氣不振

Be always quite difficult是很困難的→一直困難重重

1.A settlement and peace will remain elusive.

*解決與和平仍然是一件毫無把握的事。

解決問題，實現和平，仍然是一件毫無把握的事。

2.In California,hundreds of billions of dollars ride on the success of earthquake prediction.

*在加利福尼亞，地震預報的成功關系到千百億美元。

在加利福尼亞州，地震預測的成功與否關系到千百億美元的財產和投資。

3.At this difficult stage,ex-president of the USA may have more celebrity than influence.

*在這個困難階段，前任美國總統(tǒng)可能仍會有聲望，但已無影響。

在這個困難階段，前任美國總統(tǒng)可能仍會享有聲望，但已無影響力可言。

4.Rushing to the scene to congratulate his troops on a textbook performance,Interior Minister Charles Pasqua told reporters,The nightmare is over.

內政部長查爾斯·巴士奎趕到現場，祝賀內務部隊官兵干得漂亮而又完全符合規(guī)范。他對在場的記者說：“噩夢已經結束”。

5.Britains will have the chance in the next few months to try out an emerging technology that could put mobile telephones within the reach of even modest domestic budgets.

*英國人在未來的幾個月里可能研制出一種新興的技術，這種技術能使中等收入的家庭也能用得起移動電話。

英國人在未來的幾個月里可能研制出一種新興的技術，這種技術一投入使用，即使是中等收入的家庭也能用得起移動電話。

*What science strives for is an utmost acuteness and clarity of concepts as regards their mutual relation and their correspondence to sensory data.

結構分析：句子的框架是What science strives for is……as regards their mutual relation and their correspondence to sensory data.這是一個主從復合句。名詞性從句What science strives for作主語。介詞短語as regards their mutual relation and their correspondence to sensory date作狀語。介詞短語as regards也作regarding，意為“關于”。Sensory data意為“感性材料”。

參考譯文：科學為之奮斗的目標，就是要使概念之間的相互關系以及與感性材料的一致性盡最大可能地準確與清楚。

*If we desire sincerely and passionately the safety,the welfare and the free development of the talents of all men, we shall not be in want of the means to approach such a state.

結構分析：句子的框架是if we desire……，the welfare and the free development……，we shall not be in want of……。if引導條件狀語從句。desire的賓語被狀語sincerely and passionately隔開。In want of相當于“in need of”，在此句中譯為“缺乏”。approach在此作動詞意為“靠近”。

參考譯文：如果我們真心實意而又滿腔熱情地希望整個人類能享有安全與幸福并且自由地發(fā)展其才干，我們就不會缺少去達到這一境界的方法。

*While we consider this to be the best form of democracy, it is not without difficulties and possible limitations, some of which may become apparent in this case.

結構分析：句子框架是While…，it is not without difficulties and possible limitations.“while引導讓步狀語從句。相當于though，修飾主句。指示代詞this指代前面提到的公眾投票來決策問題的做法。主句中又套嵌數量詞some of加關系代詞which引導的定語從句修飾difficulties and possible limitations.Not without為雙重否定的介詞短語，做表語，可以譯成肯定句。

參考譯文：雖然我們認為這是民主的最完美的形式，但它還有各種困難和潛在的缺陷；在這種情況下有些問題變得明顯了。

*But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees； its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in interpersonal relationships in every sphere of daily life.

結構分析：句子的框架是But such a system would not only be……its principal advantage would be the improvement of。叫分號連接兩個并列分句。sphere意為“領域”。

參考譯文：但是，這樣一種制度將不只是雇主和雇員之間真正自由簽署合同的開始；它的主要優(yōu)點是在日常生活的每一個領域中使人際關系吏為自由。

（2）譯文解釋法。這種“擴充詞義”的操作策略是：使用添加一定的解釋性、說明性的行文。由于中西文化和社會習俗的差異，英語的有些詞匯不能直譯出來，有必要對漢語的詞匯表達進行解釋性、說明性的翻譯。

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