名詞的格
1、人稱代詞
英語中,人稱代詞有主格,賓格和所有格("的格")形式之分,而"的格"又有形容詞和名詞兩種形式,即:I, me, my (mine),/ we, us, our (ours) / he , him, his (his) / she, her, her (hers) / they, them, their (theirs) / you, you, your (yours) / it, it, its (its) 這里就不詳細講解了。記住一點:形容詞"的格"永遠不能單獨使用;名詞"的格"永遠是單獨使用的。
實例:
Come if you like to see ______ painting. ______ very beautiful.
A. your / That's
B. her's / It's
C. hers / That's
D. his / It's
解題思路:根據(jù)形式和上述使用原則,B(形式錯誤),C(hers只能單獨使用),故是錯的。A邏輯不通,且使用不當,故正確答案只能是D
2、名詞的所有格和雙重所有格
英語中除了人稱代詞,其他名詞沒有主格和賓格之分。表示一個名詞"…的"時,稱為所有格,即"的格".英語中"的格"一般用介詞"of "或名詞后加"'"來表示,如:"學校的財產(chǎn)",原則上可以有兩種表達方式:the property of the school或 the school's property.但是若用此表達"魯迅的書" Luxun's book 或a book of Luxun時,便可能出現(xiàn)意義上的混淆,即,也可能是"一本關(guān)于魯迅的書".因此,若要表示"魯迅(擁有的)書"時,要表達為a book of Luxun's , 稱為"雙重所有格",即"of "與 "'"同時使用。
雙重所有格除了以上用途外,還表示親切,如:a friend of my father's比 my father's friend更顯親切。
解題思路:考試時如果你實在搞不清,應(yīng)傾向選擇有","的選項,如:
My wife bought me ______ at a ______ shop.
A. a piece of clothes / tailors
B. a new clothing / tailor
C. an article of clothing, tailor's
D. a piece of clothing, tailor's
解題思路:這道題考兩個語法點:單位詞和所有格。如果考生看不懂這個句子,一般應(yīng)在C、D中選擇,正確答案是C(一件衣服), "一塊布"用a piece of cloth
3、反身代詞-self /-selves
1) 反身代詞-self /-selves不能脫離其主格或賓格單獨使用,如不能說: The boss wanted to have a talk with herself.(老板想親自和她談?wù)劇?→ The boss (himself) wanted to have a talk with her herself. 實際使用中很少會這樣講話。
2) 注意以下表達方式:
of one's own / to oneself 如:She wants to have a room of her own (to herself) (她想要一間屬于自己的房間。)
on one's own 如:She wants to finish it on her own. (她想獨立完成這項工作。)
by oneself, 如:She has been living by herself for three years.(她已單身生活了三年。)