2015職稱英語(yǔ)考試語(yǔ)法之虛擬語(yǔ)氣：
虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表達(dá)不可能或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，通常分為基本的三種形式。
1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬：
If + did / were + ..., ... would
should
could + do (動(dòng)詞原形)
might
If I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)
If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.)
2. 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬：
If + had done + ..., ... would (might) have done ...
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you.
(I didn't know your telephone number.)
If you had come here a littleearlier just now, you might have met her.
(You didn't come here earlier.)
3. 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬：
(1) If + should + v., ... would + v.
(可能性很小)(譯作“萬(wàn)一”)
If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.
If I should fail, what should Ido?
(2) If + did / were to + v ..., would + v.
(完全不可能)
If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.
If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.
4. 重點(diǎn)：
[簡(jiǎn)單聯(lián)想記憶](méi)：
● 下列動(dòng)詞后的“賓語(yǔ)從句”中需要用虛擬形式，即should + 動(dòng)詞原形，shoud在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中要省略(TOEFL語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn))。此類常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest(建議)insist(堅(jiān)決要求)，advise, etc.
例句：He suggested that we (should) help them with English.
The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.
● 下列名詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句中要用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”(should可省去)的虛擬。
suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.
He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.
I think it is a thing of importance that it (should) be done soon.
● It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. + that +主語(yǔ)+ should + v.
It is strange that you should say such a thing.
It was important that you should tell me all the information.
● wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，as if 后的狀語(yǔ)從句中，須用下列的虛擬形式：
主 + wish+ (that) + 主 + did / were(指現(xiàn)在)
haddone(指過(guò)去)
would+ v.(指將來(lái))
Iwishthat I met my uncle now.
IwishI had met my uncle yesterday.
IwishI could meet my uncle tomorrow.
● It is (high) time that ... + did / were ...
It is time that you went to bed.
● would rather that ... + did / were ...
I would rather that you were not here now.
● would sooner that ... + did / were ...
I would sooner that you got up earlier.
I would sooner that you were not my brother.
