2015年職稱英語(yǔ)考試已經(jīng)開(kāi)始備考,本階段應(yīng)該多整理一些基礎(chǔ)詞匯和語(yǔ)法,為此,醫(yī)學(xué)全在線網(wǎng)站特整理了“2015職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類語(yǔ)法輔導(dǎo)匯總”供您參考,希望對(duì)您有幫助!
2015年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類語(yǔ)法輔導(dǎo)匯總
名詞的數(shù):
重點(diǎn)應(yīng)了解和掌握以下內(nèi)容:
1、名詞的可數(shù)和不可數(shù):
與漢語(yǔ)不同,英語(yǔ)中名詞要區(qū)分可數(shù)與不可數(shù)。
籠統(tǒng)地講,物質(zhì)名詞,如:water(水),iron(鐵),wood(木頭)等,和抽象名詞,如:democracy(民主),freedom(自由),happiness(幸福)等為不可數(shù)。
不可數(shù)名詞前不能加a(an),后面不能加s(es),這是考試中對(duì)此類題目判斷的重要依據(jù)。
2、以下名詞為不可數(shù)名詞:
news(消息)information(信息)
furniture(家具)equipment(設(shè)備)
advice(勸告)weather(天氣)
work*(工作)clothing(衣服)
baggage(行李)
work作"工作"解釋時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞,"找工作"不能說(shuō)to find a work,應(yīng)為to find a job; work作"著作"、"作品"解時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞,如:Deng Xiaopin's works(鄧小平著作)/ a work about Deng Xiaopin(一件關(guān)于鄧小平的作品);作"工廠"解釋時(shí),單復(fù)數(shù)同形:a steel works(一個(gè)鋼鐵廠)/ two chemical works(兩家化工廠)
實(shí)例:
We have a large staff but there ______ in the office.
A.haven't many furnitures
B.aren't many furnitures
C.hasn't much furniture
D.isn't enough furniture
解題思路:根據(jù)名詞數(shù)的概念A(yù)、B肯定錯(cuò),不必考慮;C、D的主要差異是"hasn't"與"isn't",句子中有there,說(shuō)明該句是there be句型,故正確答案為D.題中staff,office 等詞與解題無(wú)關(guān)。
注意辨別句子中斜體詞的數(shù)及其意義:
There is still much room for improvement.(仍有許多改進(jìn)的余地)
He has published two important papers on this subject.(他在這個(gè)課題上已發(fā)表了兩篇重要論文。)
3、以下名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形:
means(手段)headquarters(司令部)
works(工廠)species(物種)
aircraft(飛機(jī))Chinese(中國(guó)人)
sheep(羊)fish(魚(yú))
中國(guó)的計(jì)量單位:li(里),yuan(元),mu(畝)等
實(shí)例:
Every means has been tried out,but without satisfactory results.(每個(gè)方法都試過(guò)了,但結(jié)果不令人滿意。)
4、形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的學(xué)科名稱,如physics ,statistics,dynamics 作單數(shù)看待;時(shí)間、距離、鈔票、重量等復(fù)數(shù),可以看作一個(gè)整體作單數(shù)處理,如:Two days is not enough for me to finish the task.(要我完成此項(xiàng)任務(wù)兩天是不夠的。)
5、名詞做另一名詞的修飾語(yǔ):
一般用單數(shù)形式,如:a college student中的college 為單數(shù)形式。
注意:
(1)以下名詞做另一名詞修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式:sport → a sportsman(運(yùn)動(dòng)員)/ sale → a sales department(銷售部)/ savings → a savings account(儲(chǔ)蓄存款)/ communication → a communications satellite(通訊衛(wèi)星)/ greeting → a greetings cable(慰問(wèn)電)
(2)不規(guī)則名詞修飾另一名詞時(shí)數(shù)的變化:a woman doctor(一個(gè)女醫(yī)生)→ two women doctors(兩個(gè)女醫(yī)生)/ the Chinese women's volleyball team(中國(guó)女排)/ a children hospital(兒童醫(yī)院)
6、family(家庭),group(小組),police(警察),committee(委員會(huì)),team(組),box(盒),audience(觀眾)等詞,可以是單數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù),關(guān)鍵要看題目所給的提示,例如:
The whole box of matches _____ wet;I couldn't light a simple one
A.was
B.is
C.were
D.are
解題思路:這道題如果沒(méi)有后半句I couldn't light a simple one,是沒(méi)辦法解答的。這句話提示了兩點(diǎn):
(1)時(shí)態(tài)為"過(guò)去時(shí)",故B、D已不可能了;
(2)"a simple one"說(shuō)明是指盒子內(nèi)的一根根火柴,故答案為C.試想,如果我們把后半句改為"I had to throw it away",那么正確答案應(yīng)是A.
所以,看清題目的提示對(duì)于解題是非常重要的。
7、注意以下表達(dá)方式中名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
to be/make friends with(友好/交朋友)
to change places with(交換位置)
to make preparations for(為…作準(zhǔn)備)
to give regards to(向…問(wèn)好)
to make matters worse(把事情弄糟)
to hurt feelings(傷害感情)
to be all smiles(滿臉堆笑)
to take sides(偏袒某方)
to have words with(吵架)
to burst into tears(突然哭了)