2015年職稱英語(yǔ)考試已經(jīng)開始備考,本階段應(yīng)該多整理一些基礎(chǔ)詞匯和語(yǔ)法,為此,醫(yī)學(xué)全在線網(wǎng)站特整理了“2015職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類語(yǔ)法輔導(dǎo)匯總”供您參考,希望對(duì)您有幫助!
2015年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類語(yǔ)法輔導(dǎo)匯總
賓語(yǔ),又稱受詞,是指一個(gè)動(dòng)作(動(dòng)詞)的接受者。賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)兩大類,其中直接賓語(yǔ)(經(jīng)常指被做的人)指動(dòng)作的直接對(duì)象,間接賓語(yǔ)說明動(dòng)作的非直接,但受動(dòng)作影響的對(duì)象。一般而言,及物動(dòng)詞后面最少要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),而該賓語(yǔ)通常為直接賓語(yǔ),有些及物動(dòng)詞要求兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),則這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)為直接賓語(yǔ),另一個(gè)為間接賓語(yǔ)。
(1)由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞要用賓格)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、(賓語(yǔ))從句充當(dāng),表示動(dòng)作的承受者是“誰(shuí)”或者是“何物”。如:The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那個(gè)天使同樣來到約瑟夫面前并且告訴他同樣的事情。)(代詞和名詞充當(dāng)兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ))/ He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告訴我說公司付不起他那么多的錢。)(不定式作賓語(yǔ))/ They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons.(他們?nèi)绱讼矏劭醋闱蛞灾劣诔3M浟怂麄兊墓φn。)(動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ))/ I think to be a children‘s doctor is very rewarding.(我認(rèn)為當(dāng)個(gè)兒童醫(yī)生是很值得的。)(從句作賓語(yǔ))
(2)只有及物動(dòng)詞或介詞才有賓語(yǔ),不及物動(dòng)詞沒有賓語(yǔ),如果涉及到事物,則必須在不及物動(dòng)詞后面加合適的介詞。Listen to the radio.(listen不是及物動(dòng)詞,故加to.)/ Can you hear anything exciting?(你能聽到什么令人興奮的消息嗎?)
(3)賓語(yǔ)一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的后面,但是在疑問句中,如果賓語(yǔ)是疑問詞,則賓語(yǔ)要放在句首。介詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是疑問詞,則可以放在介詞后或句首。如:What did he see? (他看見了什么?)/ What does he write a letter with? (他用什么寫的信?)/ With what does he write a letter? (他用什么寫的信?)
(4)“動(dòng)詞+副詞+賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果賓語(yǔ)是代詞,則代詞必須放在“動(dòng)”“副”之間。如:Please put the shoes away.(請(qǐng)把鞋子收起來。)/ Please put away the shoes.(請(qǐng)把鞋子收起來。)/ Please put them away.(請(qǐng)把它們收起來。)
(5)動(dòng)詞后面跟雙賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以采用兩種結(jié)構(gòu):
①動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)(人)+直接賓語(yǔ)(物)。如:He often gives me some help.(他常常幫我。)
②動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+介詞+間接賓語(yǔ)。注意,一般情況介詞用to,但動(dòng)詞是make, buy, borrow時(shí),介詞用for.如:Please make me a kite.(請(qǐng)給我做個(gè)風(fēng)箏。)或Please make a kite for me.
(6)在“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果賓語(yǔ)是不定式、動(dòng)名詞、賓語(yǔ)從句,則常用it做形式賓語(yǔ),而將實(shí)際的賓語(yǔ)移到補(bǔ)語(yǔ)后面去。如:I found the job rather difficult.(我發(fā)覺這個(gè)工作相當(dāng)難做。)/ I found it rather difficult to do the job.
(7)賓語(yǔ)可以由從句充當(dāng),詳見“賓語(yǔ)從句”。