有些動(dòng)詞(主要是"授予動(dòng)詞")后面需要或可以接雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，如：give, write, buy, send, make等
You may send him an E-mail or write him a letter.
這個(gè)句子也可使用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
You may send an E-mail (to him) or write a letter to him. 所以 "to" 和 "for" 是連接雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的重要介詞。
該句型的重點(diǎn)是要記住以下短語，特別是所用的介詞：
to cure … of(治愈…)
to accuse …of(譴責(zé)…)
to convince… of(說服…)
to inform… of(通知…)
to notify… of (通知…)
to clean… of (清除…)
to warn…… of / against (警告…)
to cheat… of(欺騙)
to rob… of(搶劫…)
例如：
We have to inform the family of the patient's condition as soon as possible. / Have the family been informed of the patient's condition? (我們得盡快將病人的病情通知其家屬。/ 已經(jīng)將病人的病情通知其家人了嗎?)
注意下面句子的結(jié)構(gòu)變化：
May I ask you a question? → May I ask a question of you?
直接和間接賓語的位置與上面短語有何不同?
(五)第五句型：主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語
先回顧一下本講第一節(jié)中有關(guān)賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語的概念。
這個(gè)句型也是考試的重點(diǎn)，主要有三個(gè)難點(diǎn)：
1) 要不要 "to"的問題：
The director wants you to come right now. (主任要你馬上就來。)
句中to come 是賓語you的補(bǔ)足語。也就是說，當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語是動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般要用 "to"連接。但是，以下情況例外：
n make, let, have等使役動(dòng)詞，如：
Shall I have him come here?(要我叫他來嗎?)
I won't have him cheat me. (否定式，表示"容許"：我決不容許他欺騙我)
上述句型變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般要加 "to"，如：
The nurse made the patient eat something. (護(hù)士讓病人吃了點(diǎn)東西。)
→The patient was made to eat something.
有時(shí)，賓語補(bǔ)足語也可用 -ing形式，如：
His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes. (他的笑話使我們笑了幾分鐘。- 注意后面的時(shí)間狀語for a couple of minutes)
記住下面重要表達(dá)方式：
to have / get (something) done， 如：
I am going to have (get) my watch repaired.(我去修一下表。)
n see, hear, notice, observe, watch, look at, listen to 等感覺動(dòng)詞：
使用原則與上述大致相同。
2) 要不要 "it"的問題:
先看兩個(gè)句子：
We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit. (有時(shí)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)要改掉一個(gè)壞習(xí)慣很難。)該句的原始結(jié)構(gòu)可理解為：We sometimes find (to get rid of a bad habit) difficult. 括號(hào)部分(動(dòng)詞不定式)為賓語，difficult為賓語補(bǔ)足語
The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.(醫(yī)生已經(jīng)跟你說得很清楚了，你的胃沒有什么問題。)該句的原始結(jié)構(gòu)可理解為：The doctor has made (there is nothing wrong with your stomach)clear. 括號(hào)部分(句子)為賓語，clear為賓語補(bǔ)足語
歸納：
n 在主語 + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)賓語是"動(dòng)詞不定式"或"句子"時(shí)，要用it(不是this, that或其他任何詞)作形式賓語，將動(dòng)詞不定式或句子移到句子的后面去。
n 考試時(shí)，判斷要不要 "it"，主要看句子后面有沒有"動(dòng)詞不定式"或"句子"，若有，要選 "it"
n 賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語倒裝：當(dāng)賓語(名詞)較長(zhǎng)，賓語補(bǔ)足語較短(往往是1個(gè)形容詞，如possible, impossible, difficult, easy, clear等)時(shí)，為了句子結(jié)構(gòu)均衡，往往采用倒裝，這里不存在"it"的使用問題, 對(duì)下句作出判斷：
The development of ultrasound has made ______ early diagnosis of some fatal diseases. (超聲波的出現(xiàn)使許多致命疾病的早期診斷成為可能。)
A. it possible
B. possible
C. it is
D. it
該題的正確答案應(yīng)為B，因?yàn)榫渥硬捎昧说寡b形式，原結(jié)構(gòu)為：
The development of ultrasound has made [early diagnosis of some fatal diseases] possible.
賓語 補(bǔ)足語
3) 記住以下短語：
to take…as(把…當(dāng)作…)
to think of…as(把…看作…)
to regard…as(把…看作…)
to refer to…as(把…叫作…)
關(guān)于五個(gè)基本句型，重點(diǎn)要掌握每個(gè)句型的出題點(diǎn)，舉一反三。
