吡格列酮作為PPARγ特異性激動(dòng)劑,目前在臨床主要用于治療2型糖尿病。國內(nèi)有研究報(bào)道,吡格列酮促進(jìn)PPARγ mRNA和蛋白的表達(dá),增強(qiáng)其對腦缺血再灌注損傷的神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用,并且與劑量成正比[10]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)吡格列酮預(yù)處理后的家兔神經(jīng)功能缺損較模型組明顯改善,缺血半暗帶的頂葉皮質(zhì)中細(xì)胞凋亡數(shù)量明顯減少。由此我們認(rèn)為吡格列酮可通過減少細(xì)胞凋亡而達(dá)到神經(jīng)保護(hù)的作用;若事先靜脈注射GW9662[11]后再給予吡格列酮,則可逆轉(zhuǎn)吡格列酮的上述保護(hù)作用;同樣,單獨(dú)行DMSO預(yù)處理后的大鼠在相關(guān)方面未得到明顯的改善。
除此之外,從腦組織病理形態(tài)學(xué)比較來看,模型組家兔腦組織變性壞死的細(xì)胞明顯高于其余四組且主要分布于缺血半暗帶的頂葉皮質(zhì),主要表現(xiàn)為神經(jīng)細(xì)胞壞死,表明再灌注后缺血半暗帶發(fā)生了明顯的細(xì)胞變性壞死反應(yīng),符合缺血缺氧性病理變化;而經(jīng)吡格列酮預(yù)處理組家兔腦組織則以神經(jīng)細(xì)胞腫脹為主,表明吡格列酮具有抗細(xì)胞壞死作用,在一定程度上挽救了受損的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞,對缺血再灌注腦損傷起到一定的保護(hù)作用;而預(yù)先給予GW9662后再行吡格列酮預(yù)處理及單獨(dú)行DMSO預(yù)處理的家兔腦組織病理形態(tài)學(xué)方面均無明顯改善,提示吡格列酮具有阻止或延緩神經(jīng)細(xì)胞壞死,對保護(hù)缺血再灌注后神經(jīng)細(xì)胞損傷具有積極意義,而GW9662則可逆轉(zhuǎn)吡格列酮抗細(xì)胞壞死的效應(yīng)。
由此可見,吡格列酮可通過減輕家兔缺血再灌注后的損傷,從而很好地減少細(xì)胞凋亡,為該藥在缺血性腦血管疾病的臨床使用提供一定的理論依據(jù)。
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