THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ZANG-AND FU-ORGANS
臟腑器官的相互關(guān)系
While the relationship among the zang-fu organs is quite a complicated matter--so much so that （so such an extent that ）it deserves to be devoped a lot of pages, yet, thanks to TCM's concise and brilliant summarization, it may just as well be briefed in a broad outline. In TCM, the zang organs pertain to yin and are thought of as interior, while the fu-organs to yang and, naturally enough, as exterior. The interior-exterior relationship between them is formed by the connections of their meridians. This relationship as well as their physiological cooperation and pathological interaction can be clearly seen in the interrelations between the heart and the small intestine, the lung and the large intestine，the spleen and the stomach, the liver and the gallbladder and the kidney and the urinary bladder.	盡管五臟與六腑之關(guān)系如此之復(fù)雜，需要大量篇幅加以論述；但由于中醫(yī)學(xué)精辟的概括性，這種關(guān)系仍可以簡(jiǎn)要概述如下。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為，臟屬陰、屬里，而腑則屬陽(yáng)、屬表。它們之間的表里關(guān)系以經(jīng)脈相連。它們的這種關(guān)系及其之間在生理上的協(xié)調(diào)和病理上的相互影響可以清楚的體現(xiàn)于心和小腸、肺和大腸、脾和胃、肝和膽及腎和膀胱之間的相互關(guān)系中。
The heart and the small intestine are connected by the heart meridian and the small intestine meridian to form an exterior-interior relationship. Thus making the two pathologically related to each other. The excessive heart-fire tends to go into the small intestine resulitng in oliguria, burning pains during urination,etc. Conversely, the excessive heat in the small intestine may go upward along the meridian to the heart and cause internal hyperactivity of heart-fire. Leading to dysphoria, crimson tongue, oral ulceration and so on.	心和小腸由心經(jīng)和小腸經(jīng)相連形成表里關(guān)系。因此，也使它們?cè)诓±砩匣ハ嚓P(guān)聯(lián)。心有實(shí)火，可移熱于小腸，引起尿少，尿痛等癥。反之，小腸有熱，亦可循經(jīng)上炎于心，使心火內(nèi)熾，引起心煩，舌赤，口舌生瘡等癥。
The lung and the large intestine form an exterior-interior relationship by mutual connections of their meridians. The dispersing and deseending functions of the lung help the large intestine to perform its transporting task. When the lung functions normally, the large intestine does well. Conversely when the descending function of the lung qi do not work well, it will affect the functionof the large intestine in transportation, causing difficult bowel movements. On the other hand, loose stools and the stoppage of fu-qi may affect the descent of lung-qi, giving rise to asthmatic cough and chest distress.	肺和大腸通過它們的經(jīng)脈相互聯(lián)系形成表里關(guān)系。肺的宣發(fā)和肅降功能助大腸完成傳輸?shù)娜蝿?wù)。肺的功能正常則大腸的功能也正常。相反，當(dāng)肺的肅降功能異常時(shí)，大腸的傳化功能將會(huì)受到影響，使腸運(yùn)動(dòng)困難。另一方面，便溏和腑氣郁滯可以影響肺氣的肅降造成喘咳和胸悶。
Both the stomach and the spleen lie in the middle energizerand are connected by their meridians to form an exterior-interior relationship. The stomach governs the reception, while the spleen governs the transportation and transformation. The relationship between the two is that "the spleen conveys the booy fluid for the stomach". If pathogenic damp attacks the spleen, it will injure the transporting and transforming functions of the spleen and affect the reception and the descending action of the stomach, resulting in poor appetite, vomiting, nausea and gastric distention. So the spleen and the stomach share out the work and cooperate with each other to jointly accomplish the task of the digestion, absorption and distribution of food. On the contrary, intemperance of food intake （improper diet）and dyspeptic retention of the stomach will bring about both the dysfunction of the stomach in descent but that of the spleen's transportation and transformation, causing such symptoms as abdominal distention, diarrhea.	脾胃位于中焦，通過它們的經(jīng)脈相連形成表里關(guān)系。胃主受納，脾主運(yùn)化。兩者的關(guān)系為“脾為胃?jìng)髌浣蛞骸�。濕邪犯脾時(shí)，脾的運(yùn)化功能受損會(huì)影響胃的受納和沉降，導(dǎo)致納呆、嘔吐、惡心和氣滯。因此，脾胃共同協(xié)調(diào)完成飲食的消化、吸收和散布任務(wù)。相反，飲食不節(jié)、食滯于胃不僅會(huì)影響胃的沉降功能，脾的運(yùn)化功能也會(huì)受到影響，產(chǎn)生腹脹、腹瀉的癥狀。
The gallbladder is attached to the liver, and they are connected by their meridians to form an exterior-interior relationship. Bile derives from surplus qi of the liver. It is stored and excreted by the gallbladder located under the liver. Only when the liver performs its function successfully can bile be secreted, stored and excreted normally. On the other hand, when bile is excreted properly, the liver can give full play to its function in regulating the normal flow of qi. Conversely, when bile fails to be excreted normally, the liver function will be affected, too. Therefore, the liver and gallbladder are closely related physiologically and pathologically. The diseases of liver often involve the gallbladder and the contrary is also true. Therefore, the liver and gallbladder cannot be completely separated physiologically and pathologically. For example, excessive fire of both the liver and the gallbladder may present such symptoms as qi-stagnation and heat-dampness.	肝膽相連，它們通過經(jīng)脈形成表里關(guān)系。膽汁來自于過剩的肝氣。它儲(chǔ)藏、排泄自位于肝下的膽。只有肝的功能正常，膽汁的分泌、儲(chǔ)藏和排泄才能正常。另一方面，只有膽汁的排泄正常，肝才能充分執(zhí)行其正常的理氣功能。相反，當(dāng)膽汁排泄異常時(shí)，肝的功能也會(huì)受影響。因此，肝膽在生理和病理上緊密聯(lián)系。肝病通常影響及膽，反之亦然。因此，肝膽在生理和病理上不能完全分離。例如，肝膽實(shí)火都會(huì)出現(xiàn)氣滯、濕熱的癥狀。
The kidney and urinary bladder, like the other zang-fu organs, form an exterior-interior relationship through their meridians. The kidneys control opening and closing, while the urinarybladder governs storing and excreting urine. Both are related to water metablism. Whether the function of the urinary bladder is normal or not depends on the sufficiency or deficiency of kidney-qi. When kidney-qi is sufficient and its astringency is right, the urinary bladder will open and close regularly, thus maintaining normal water metabolism. In case kidney-qi is deficient, there will be the disturbance of its qi transformation and astrictive action, causing the irregular opening and closing of the urinary bladder, manifested as dysuria, incontinence of urine, enuresis and frequency of micturition.醫(yī).學(xué).全.在線quanxiangyun.cn	腎和膀胱與其它的臟腑一樣通過經(jīng)脈形成表里關(guān)系。腎主開合，膀胱則是儲(chǔ)藏和排泄尿液。兩者都與水液代謝有關(guān)。膀胱的功能正常與否依賴腎氣的充足與否。腎氣充足，則固攝有權(quán)，膀胱開合有度，從而維持水液的正常代謝。如果，腎氣不足，一方面可使腎氣化無(wú)常，固攝無(wú)權(quán)，則膀胱開合失度，即可出現(xiàn)小便不利，失禁，遺尿，尿頻等病癥。
So far the text has just briefly discussed the relationship between the five zang-and the six fu-organs. To have a thorough understanding of their interrelations and the zang-fu theory, it is also important to know the relationship between the five zang-organs and that between the six fu-organs as well, which, as space is limited, have to be reluctantly parted with here.	至此，該篇已簡(jiǎn)要討論了五臟六腑之間的關(guān)系。要想徹底理解它們的關(guān)系及臟腑理論，重要的是要了解五臟和六腑的關(guān)系，限于篇幅，這些關(guān)系只好于此割愛。
In short, although the zang-and fu-organs have different physiological functions, there is a close relationship between them in maintaining the normal functions of the body, and it is the meridian-collateral system that makes them internally-externally interconnected. Without the interconnecting pathways of the meridians and collaterals, each of the zang-fu organs would become an isolated and static organ and unable to perform its functional activities. A case in point to show the relationship is what is said in Basic Questions . "The zang-organs are all connected with the meridians to perform the circulation of qi and blood."	簡(jiǎn)而言之，雖然臟與腑的生理功能不同，但是它們之間的密切關(guān)系卻維持了人體功能的正常，通過經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)使它們形成了表里聯(lián)系。沒有經(jīng)絡(luò)這一聯(lián)系通道，臟腑就會(huì)變得孤立靜止，不能執(zhí)行其功能活動(dòng)。《素問》中說：“五臟之道，皆出于經(jīng)遂，以行血?dú)狻�。這便是一個(gè)表明這種關(guān)系的很好的例證。