第六天：抓住重點(diǎn) 閱讀為先---題型篇

　　考研閱讀的題型主要有幾種，考生應(yīng)該熟悉它們，做到看到問(wèn)題就能確定題型，定位原文并確定答案。下面以詞義題為例說(shuō)明考研閱讀題型的特點(diǎn)。

　　1.詞義題標(biāo)志：題干中具體給出原文中某處的單詞或短語(yǔ)，要求推測(cè)其意思。

　　2. 詞義題做題關(guān)鍵：注意單詞所在的上下文，尤其是上下句。假如所考單詞是常見(jiàn)詞匯，那么其字面意思一般不是正確答案，正確答案應(yīng)該是根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)出來(lái)的一個(gè)更深刻的意思。

　　3.詞義題做題方法：

　　1) 閱讀上下文，看什么詞或詞組，甚至是句子(如定語(yǔ)從句、并列分句等)對(duì)所考詞匯進(jìn)行了解釋，根據(jù)所考詞匯與它們的關(guān)系(如意思相同或相反)確定答案；

　　2)根據(jù)微觀閱讀技巧，如標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)判斷詞義。例如，冒號(hào)前的詞匯的意思可以由冒號(hào)后的部分歸納，破折號(hào)之后詞匯的意思可以由破折號(hào)之前的部分推測(cè)。

　　3)代入法。 將確定的答案代入原文，看是否通順，如果通順就是正確答案。

　　例一，

　　Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. (1994)

　　17. What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?

　　[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.

　　[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.

　　[C] A person who has had no education.

　　[D]An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.

　　如果所考的詞匯是常見(jiàn)詞匯，含有字面意思的選項(xiàng)通常是干擾選項(xiàng)。C“沒(méi)有受過(guò)教育的人”是問(wèn)題中的詞匯“untaught minds”的字面意思，是干擾選項(xiàng)�？梢愿鶕�(jù)上下文確定該詞組的準(zhǔn)確意思。從一段第二句開(kāi)始，作者以Alexander Fleming為例，說(shuō)明untaught minds的觀點(diǎn)“科技中的發(fā)現(xiàn)是靈感或戲劇化事件的結(jié)果”不對(duì)，認(rèn)為“發(fā)明和創(chuàng)新是辛勤的試驗(yàn)和不斷的錯(cuò)誤之后的結(jié)果(Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error)”。由此可知untaught minds “對(duì)試驗(yàn)中的艱苦工作不了解”，因此A為正確答案。

　　例二，

　　Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Galileo’s 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.(1998)

　　9. The word “schism” (Line 3, Paragraph 1) in the context probably means.

　　[A] confrontation [B] dissatisfaction

　　[C] separation [D] contempt

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