Part B
Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)醫(yī)學(xué)全.在.線.提供. quanxiangyun.cn
Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.
Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration. From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders. Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself." His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life. This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals. Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: "It is man, real, living man who does all that." And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:"Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past." This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding - from gender to race to cultural studies - were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.
| [A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes. | |
| 41. Petrarch | [B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists. |
| 42. Niccolo Machiavellli | [C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate. |
| 43. Samuel Smiles | [D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history. |
| 44. Thomas Carlyle | [E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. |
| 45. Marx and Engels | [F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders. |
| [G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers. |
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 15 points)
When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valsey or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.
Lots of studies have found that well-education people form developing counting are particularly likely to emigrants , A big survey of Indian households in 2004found that nearly 40% of emigrants had morn than a high-school education ,compared with around 3.3%of all Indian over the age of 25. This "brain drain" has long bothered policymakers in poor counties .They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled worker who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospital and come up with clever new product for their factories to make
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions
Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day, Write an email to the customer service center to
1) Make a complaint and
2) Demand a prompt solution
You should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, Use "zhang wei "instead.
Part B
48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should
1) Describe the table, and
2) Give your comments
You should write at least 150 words (15points)
參考答案：
Section Ⅰ Use of English
1-5 BBAAC
6-10 DCADB
11-15 DBCDC
16-20 ACBBD
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1 21-25 ACABD Text 2 26-30 ABDCC
Text 3 31-35 CBACD
Text 4 36-40 DDBDA
Part B
41-45 AFGCE
Part C
當(dāng)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的人們提起對(duì)移民的擔(dān)憂，他們通常是在擔(dān)心本國(guó)最優(yōu)秀、最聰明的人前往發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的"硅谷"、醫(yī)院和大學(xué)之后本國(guó)的前景。英國(guó)、加拿大和澳大利亞這樣的國(guó)家給予了大學(xué)畢業(yè)生優(yōu)先的移民政策，試圖吸引的就是這些優(yōu)秀的勞動(dòng)者醫(yī)學(xué)全.在.線.提供. quanxiangyun.cn。
大量調(diào)查表明，發(fā)展中國(guó)家中受過(guò)良好教育的人們更傾向于移民。2004年，一項(xiàng)對(duì)印度家庭的大規(guī)模調(diào)查顯示，接近40%的印度移民接受過(guò)高中以上的教育，而年齡在25歲以上的印度人當(dāng)中受過(guò)高中以上教育的人只有3.3%。"人才流失"一直困擾著落后國(guó)家的政策制定者。他們擔(dān)心這種狀況會(huì)損害本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，使其失去急需的技術(shù)人才，而這些人本應(yīng)當(dāng)留在國(guó)內(nèi)教書(shū)、行醫(yī)，并創(chuàng)造出新的先進(jìn)產(chǎn)品讓本國(guó)的工廠生產(chǎn)制造。
Section IV Writing
Part A
Directions: Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer service center to
1) make a complaint, and
2) demand a prompt solution.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
審題謀篇：
2012再次考查書(shū)信的寫(xiě)法，這已經(jīng)是英語(yǔ)二在出臺(tái)以來(lái)第三次考查書(shū)信，第一次考察感謝信，第二次考察祝賀信。此次考察投訴信。英語(yǔ)二作為和英語(yǔ)一并行的英語(yǔ)試卷，和英語(yǔ)一在保持主流體型一致的情況下，又不得不和英語(yǔ)一進(jìn)行區(qū)別，考察了工作實(shí)用的投訴題材，體現(xiàn)了專(zhuān)業(yè)碩士的特點(diǎn)。不過(guò)這應(yīng)用文考查的電子辭典卻是�？荚掝}，考生應(yīng)該不會(huì)出現(xiàn)措手不及，無(wú)話可寫(xiě)的情況。和英語(yǔ)一樣，仍然圍繞學(xué)生能夠接觸到的學(xué)校生活的進(jìn)行考察。
首先，根據(jù)題干要求明確寫(xiě)作對(duì)象，語(yǔ)域和結(jié)尾禮詞。
本文的寫(xiě)作對(duì)象是即網(wǎng)店的客服部門(mén)或客服經(jīng)理。所以稱(chēng)呼可以使用Dear Sir or Madam。本文是一篇以學(xué)生消費(fèi)者名義寫(xiě)出的一篇投訴信，屬于公務(wù)信函，寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中應(yīng)盡量使用正式語(yǔ)體。 結(jié)尾禮詞可以使用Yours sincerely/ Sincerely yours,署名要嚴(yán)格遵守題目要求，使用Zhang Wei.
其次，根據(jù)題目規(guī)定的話題，構(gòu)思作文。此處通常是考生犯下致命錯(cuò)誤的地方：漏掉題目要求的要點(diǎn)，這樣的錯(cuò)誤在閱卷過(guò)程中是要嚴(yán)重。1) make a complaint 2) demand a prompt solution. 另外，因?yàn)槭蔷W(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物，還應(yīng)提供相應(yīng)的發(fā)票信息等以供查詢(xún)。
參考范文
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to express my disappointment regarding the electronic dictionary that I bought from your on-line store last week, with the invoice number of ED53407.
I have to complain about the poor quality of the dictionary. For one thing, the dictionary often automatically turns off at the very moment I am eager to see the word explanations. For another, it seems loose in the conjunction part. The screen part can not be properly settled.
Since the problems are unaccepted to me, I would like to get a refund or a new dictionary that can work well. Your prompt response will be highly appreciated.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Wei
范文分析：
本篇范文很好地完成了題目規(guī)定的任務(wù)：陳述對(duì)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行投訴和要求廠家盡快給出解決方案，內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)完整。文章開(kāi)篇直奔主題，表達(dá)了寫(xiě)信目的，因?yàn)樯现茉诰W(wǎng)店買(mǎi)了一本電子辭典，使用后很失望，因要投訴。第二段具體列出了建議的產(chǎn)品在性能方面不能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的具體方面，使用了必要連貫手法，比如For one thing, For another,之類(lèi)的介詞短語(yǔ)，讓表達(dá)流暢有序、環(huán)環(huán)相扣。最后，針對(duì)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題，要求退款或者更換產(chǎn)品，文章層次清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語(yǔ)言流暢，句式豐富，達(dá)到了應(yīng)用文的基本要求。
譯文：
尊敬的先生/女士：
我寫(xiě)這封信是為了對(duì)于上周我從你們的網(wǎng)上商店購(gòu)買(mǎi)的電子詞典表達(dá)我失望,發(fā)票號(hào)碼是ED53407。
我買(mǎi)的電子詞典的質(zhì)量很差，讓我非常不滿意。一方面，它經(jīng)常在我急于瀏覽一個(gè)單詞的解釋的時(shí)候突然自動(dòng)關(guān)機(jī)。另一方面，詞典兩個(gè)部分結(jié)合的部分好像很松，不能很好的支撐住屏幕部分。
既然這次點(diǎn)的問(wèn)題都使我不能接受，我希望你們能夠?yàn)槲肄k理退款，或者給我更換一臺(tái)新的功能良好的詞典。希望能這問(wèn)題能夠得到盡快的解決。
忠誠(chéng)的客戶,
張 偉
Part B
Directions:
Write an essay based on the following table. In your writing, you should
1) describe the table, and
2) give your comments.
You should write at least 150 words.
Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
審題謀篇：
考研英語(yǔ)二短短3年的歷史上，基本上都考察圖表作文。圖標(biāo)作文的類(lèi)型基本可以分為table(表格)、line graph(曲線圖)、bar chart／column graph(條形圖／柱形圖)、pie chart(餅圖)四種。其中2010年考察柱狀圖，2011年還是柱狀圖，2012年考察表格作文�？梢�(jiàn)四種體型在未來(lái)幾年都有可能涉及。而從話題上來(lái)講，2010年考察手機(jī)訂閱數(shù)據(jù)，2011年考察中國(guó)市場(chǎng)外資和國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車(chē)品牌的銷(xiāo)售數(shù)據(jù)，2012年考察不同年齡段職場(chǎng)人士工作滿意度的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)。
1 描述圖表。圖表類(lèi)型及對(duì)策。表格作文有一定的難度，所以不少考生在表格圖這部分栽了跟頭．表格中數(shù)字較多，考生要很好的完成任務(wù)需要做到詳略得當(dāng)。表格數(shù)據(jù)凌亂、繁多，圖形不夠直觀、數(shù)據(jù)間的關(guān)系較為隱蔽。這就要求考生有較強(qiáng)的判斷與分析能力，在復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)中進(jìn)行量化比較和趨向分析，得到一個(gè)一般性的結(jié)論（general idea)。本題員工滿意度的人群分類(lèi)是按年齡段來(lái)區(qū)分的，并且這幾個(gè)年齡段的工作滿意度呈現(xiàn)不同的趨勢(shì)，可以把年齡作為一個(gè)突破口來(lái)分析得出年齡越大滿意度越大這樣的一般性結(jié)論。
2．對(duì)圖表內(nèi)容進(jìn)行論述。
針對(duì)本篇文章具體結(jié)論，可以在論證部分進(jìn)行出現(xiàn)上述趨勢(shì)的原因。 工作滿意度高或低的原因可以從工作本身以及社會(huì)背景和個(gè)人人生態(tài)度等方面來(lái)論證。
最后需要說(shuō)明的是，無(wú)論何種表格，對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)都可以進(jìn)行加減乘除的運(yùn)算，其目的是算出增減規(guī)律。這樣做就避免了表格作文中簡(jiǎn)單地?cái)?shù)據(jù)羅列，既可以使文章的描寫(xiě)手段變化多樣，又能得到更好的對(duì)比效果。
參考范文：
The table above revealed an overall picture of job satisfaction among employment of different age groups. Based upon the data of the table, most people under 40 are unclear or dissatisfied with their job, and 64% of those between 40 and 50 are not satisfied. For people over 50, the degree of satisfaction largely exceeds the younger groups under 40, amounting to 40%.
The phenomenon that elder people find more pleasure in job compared with the young may be rooted in the following reasons. First, people between 30 and 50 face more pressure to support the family, both the children and the senior, so that they neglect to enjoy in work. Second, the senior citizens have developed a lot in personality, so they are more prone to see the optimistic aspects of the work. Last, the current family pattern of "one family one Child" cause the aging of the society, which has posed more social responsibility to people under 50.
To sum up, the senior citizens enjoys more content than the young people. In order to improve this situation, and make life of those who are between 40s and 50s easier, the authorities, relevant departments and certain enterprises, should adopt some measures to increase salaries and perfect welfare system. What's more, adults under 40 themselves should also treat their work with a positive and proper attitude and spare more time on physical practice after long-hour work. Only in this way can we assure that as many people as possible will live a contented life.
點(diǎn)擊查看：醫(yī)學(xué)考研英語(yǔ)歷年考試真題及參考答案(2005~2016)
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