(3)瞻前顧后，先易后難
瞻前顧后即前后觀察，對(duì)空格前后句子作深入分析，確定空格在句中的意思。選擇時(shí)，一般從以下幾個(gè)方面著手：利用上下文線索或邏輯推理作出選擇；根據(jù)所學(xué)的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則、結(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí)、習(xí)慣用法及修辭等作出選擇；尋找信息詞，包括上下文出現(xiàn)過(guò)的關(guān)鍵詞；若碰到一時(shí)難以確定的選項(xiàng)，要放一下，先做其他題，后面可能會(huì)提供線索，或等全部做完以后，再回頭解決；也可采用排除法或憑語(yǔ)感作出選擇。
(4)復(fù)核全文，消除疏漏
填空全部做完之后，再?gòu)念^至尾把文章讀一遍，從文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)出發(fā)檢查一遍，從意義和語(yǔ)法兩個(gè)角度仔細(xì)權(quán)衡，檢查句與句之間、段與段之間是否一致、連貫，以便彌補(bǔ)疏漏。對(duì)于個(gè)別難度較大的空格，可以憑借自己的語(yǔ)感，堅(jiān)持第一感覺(jué)選擇的最佳答案。
2.高分策略
(1)考生要全面復(fù)習(xí)掌握語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，并且要能在實(shí)踐中識(shí)別語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象。歷年的考試結(jié)果說(shuō)明雖然考生的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)不差，解答偏題、難題的能力也不低，但實(shí)際答題效果并不理想。如何將語(yǔ)法知識(shí)運(yùn)用于解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題應(yīng)是考生復(fù)習(xí)的主要目的。因此不應(yīng)只死記硬背一些特殊的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象，而應(yīng)扎實(shí)地掌握好基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變。考生可參考本書(shū)后面所附的對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的總結(jié)。
(2)既然詞匯是歷年考查的重點(diǎn)，而測(cè)試范圍在《英語(yǔ)考試大綱》所規(guī)定的5,300多詞匯和短語(yǔ)之內(nèi)，因此要掌握好詞匯及其用法是要下一番工夫的，單靠背誦詞匯表，掌握詞匯的拼寫(xiě)和漢語(yǔ)釋義是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，提倡通過(guò)看詞典中的例句或做習(xí)題(即通過(guò)上下文)的方式來(lái)記憶詞匯及其搭配。大部分考生因?yàn)椴皇煜ぴ~匯的搭配而不能將已“掌握”的詞匯運(yùn)用到語(yǔ)言表達(dá)中去。
(3)完形填空題首先檢驗(yàn)的是閱讀能力，因此考生要善于識(shí)別上下文的提示，確定句與句之間的關(guān)系。我們知道完形填空題的短文是一個(gè)意義完整的語(yǔ)篇，它圍繞著一個(gè)話題展開(kāi)，那么文章中詞語(yǔ)的重復(fù)和替代現(xiàn)象是不可避免的，所以考生可以利用上下文尋找相關(guān)線索幫助解題，有時(shí)只需將文章中的詞語(yǔ)或短語(yǔ)照搬即可。通過(guò)閱讀上下文，考生還可以把握短文的連貫性和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)注句際之間的邏輯關(guān)系。在對(duì)語(yǔ)言把握不準(zhǔn)時(shí)，考生要學(xué)會(huì)用常識(shí)來(lái)幫助解題。當(dāng)然，應(yīng)試技巧只能起到輔助作用，只有牢固掌握英語(yǔ)知識(shí)才能將其運(yùn)用自如。
接下來(lái)，我們就通過(guò)對(duì)2002年真題的解析來(lái)幫助您熟悉該題型的特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)對(duì)策略。
2002年真題：
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 1 . As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 3 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical. It was during the same time the communications revolution 5 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 7 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 8 . It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 13 , with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 15 generations, with the distance between generations much 16 .
It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 17 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 19 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed 20 “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.
1. [A] between [B] before[C] since[D] later
2. [A] after[B] by[C] during[D] until
3. [A] means[B] method[C] medium[D] measure
4. [A] process[B] company[C] light[D] form
5. [A] gathered[B] speeded[C] worked[D] picked
6. [A] on[B] out[C] over[D] off
7. [A] of[B] for[C] beyond[D] into
8. [A] concept[B] dimension[C] effect[D] perspective
9. [A] indeed[B] hence[C] however[D] therefore
10. [A] brought[B] followed[C] stimulated[D] characterized
11. [A] unless[B] since[C] lest[D] although
12. [A] apparent[B] desirable[C] negative[D] plausible
13. [A] institutional [B] universal[C] fundamental[D] instrumental
14. [A]ability[B] capability[C] capacity[D] faculty
15. [A] by means of[B] in terms of[C] capacity[D] faculty
16. [A] deeper[B] fewer[C] nearer[D] smaller
17. [A] context[B] range[C] scope[D] territory
18. [A] regarded[B] impressed[C]influenced[D] effected
19. [A] competitive[B] controversial[C] distracting[D] irrational
20. [A] above[B] upon[C] against[D] with
本文主要講述通訊業(yè)的革命。人們常常把20世紀(jì)電視的發(fā)展與15、16世紀(jì)印刷術(shù)的普及作比較。15、16世紀(jì)印刷術(shù)的普及到20世紀(jì)電視的發(fā)展，從電報(bào)、電話到現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的電腦、集成電路，通信變革的速度越來(lái)越快，對(duì)人們生活的各方面也產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。下面我們來(lái)看一下各題答案：
1.答案：[A] between
此題屬于語(yǔ)法題。先項(xiàng)[A] between表示“在……之間”�？忌赡苁煜etween作介詞的用法，卻不了解其實(shí)它還可作為副詞，例如：We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon, and we have lunch between. 我們上午有四節(jié)課，下午有兩節(jié)課，期間我們進(jìn)午餐。本題主要考查副詞的用法。上文中提到了20世紀(jì)電視的發(fā)展及15、16世紀(jì)印刷術(shù)的傳播，下文則講到了這兩個(gè)時(shí)間之間民生的一些事情。因此，根據(jù)上下文的關(guān)系，應(yīng)選擇[A] between。選項(xiàng)[B] before表示“在……之前”，既可作介詞，也可作連詞，例如：Before the class, I went over the lesson. 又如：Before the discussion began, I had a cup of tea. 選項(xiàng)[C] since 表示“既然”，可作介詞、連詞，也可作副詞，例如：I haven’t written home since Christmas. 又如：I have been at his bedside since he became ill. 再如：Things have not changed very much since. 選項(xiàng)[D] later 表示“后來(lái)”例如：a week later. 這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不符合題意。
全句可譯為：然而，在20世紀(jì)與15、16世紀(jì)之間發(fā)生了很多事情。
2.答案：[D] until
此題屬于詞語(yǔ)搭配題。讀完此句，考生可以發(fā)現(xiàn)本句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)是it was not until...that...，這是固定搭配，not until用于強(qiáng)調(diào)，例如：It was not until you told me that I knew he was the famous singer. 故選[D] until.其余選項(xiàng)：[A] after, [B] by和[C] during都與本題的語(yǔ)意不符。
3.答案：[C] medium
此題屬于語(yǔ)意搭配題。選項(xiàng)[C] medium表示“媒體”。根據(jù)考生的常識(shí)不難判斷本句中的主語(yǔ)newspaper應(yīng)該屬于medium(媒體)的一種。選項(xiàng)[A] means 意為“方法，手段”；選項(xiàng)[B]method意為“方法”；選項(xiàng)[D] measure意為“措施”。
4.答案：[B] company
此題屬于語(yǔ)意搭配題。上文中的in the wake of the pamphlet and the book意為“伴隨首小冊(cè)子和書(shū)籍的出現(xiàn)”，據(jù)此可以判斷與此相對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是in the company of the periodical(伴隨著期刊的興起)。所以[B]是正確答案。選項(xiàng)[B]是正確答案。選項(xiàng)[B]：in the company of意為“在……的陪同下，伴隨著”，例如：I traveled Egypt in the company of two teachers.(我在兩個(gè)老師陪同下游覽了埃及。)選項(xiàng)[A]：in the process意為“在進(jìn)行中”，例如：The new library is in the process of being decorated.新圖書(shū)館正在進(jìn)行裝修。選項(xiàng)[D]： in the light of意為“鑒于，依據(jù)……看來(lái)”，例如：In the light of the accident, we have put off the meeting till next week. (鑒于這次事故，我們已經(jīng)把會(huì)議推遲到下個(gè)星期。)選項(xiàng)[D]：in the form of意為“以……的形狀”，例如：Te cookies were in the form of stars.(那些餅干的形狀都像星星。)
全句可譯為：直到19世紀(jì)，伴隨著小冊(cè)子、書(shū)籍和期刊的興起，報(bào)紙成為前電子時(shí)代的主要媒體。
5.答案：[B] speed
此題屬于詞語(yǔ)搭配題。本題主要考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的含義，這是考查的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)[B]：speed (up)意為“加速”，例如：The train gradually speeded up.(火車(chē)逐漸加速了。)不難看出本句的含義是“在15世紀(jì)到20世紀(jì)之間，從火車(chē)、電報(bào)、電話到汽車(chē)、飛機(jī)、交通，通信業(yè)的變革速度越來(lái)越快”，故選[B]。選項(xiàng)[A]：gather (up)意為“收集”，例如：gather up one’s papers; 選項(xiàng)[C]：work (up)意為“逐步發(fā)展”，例如：work up to a climax(漸至高潮)；選項(xiàng)[D]：pick (up)意為“撿起，學(xué)會(huì)”，例如：pick up a few words.
